PHNOM PENH MUNICIPALITY
Phnom Penh (Another Romanization:
Phnum Pénh. literally: "Hill of Penh" or more loosely "Penh's Hill") is the
capital and largest city of
Cambodia. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Phnom Penh has been the national capital since the French colonized Cambodia, and has grown to become the nation's center of economic activities. Phnom Penh has grown to become the
industrial,
commercial,
cultural,
tourist and
historical center of Cambodia.
Once known as the "Pearl of Asia", it was considered one of the loveliest of French-built cities in
Indochina in the 1920s. Phnom Penh, along with
Siem Reap and
Sihanoukville, are significant global and domestic tourist destinations for Cambodia. Founded in 1434, the city is noted for its beautiful and historical architecture and attractions. There are a number of surviving French colonial buildings, such as the
Royal Palace,
Phsar Thmei, and other French style buildings along the grand boulevards.
Situated on the banks of the
Tonlé Sap,
Mekong and
Bassac rivers, Phnom Penh is home to more than 2 million of Cambodia's population of over 14 million. It is the wealthiest and most populous city in Cambodia and is home to the country's political hub.
History
The Chan Chhaya Pavilion
Stupa in the Royal Palace
Pavilion in the Royal Palace
Phsah Thmei in the 1950s/1960s.
Phnom Penh first became the capital of Cambodia after
Ponhea Yat, king of the
Khmer Empire, moved the capital from
Angkor Thom after it was captured by
Siam a few years earlier. There is a
stupa behind Wat Phnom that house the remains of Ponhea Yat and the royal family as well as the remaining
Buddhist statues from the Angkorean era. There are also
legends that tell how Phnom Penh was created like in the 1600s,
Japanese immigrants settled on the outskirts of Phnom Penh.
Phnom Penh remained the royal capital for 73 years-from 1432 to 1505. It was abandoned for 360 years-from 1505 to 1865-by subsequent kings due to internal fighting between the royal pretenders. Later kings moved the capital several times and established their royal capitals at various locations in Tuol Basan (Srey Santhor),
Pursat,
Longvek, Lavear Em and
Oudong.
It was not until 1866, under the reign of King
Norodom I, that Phnom Penh became the permanent seat of government and capital of Cambodia, and also where the current
Royal Palace was built. Beginning in 1870, the
French Colonialists turned a riverside village into a city where they built hotels, schools, prisons, barracks, banks, public works offices, telegraph offices, law courts, and health services buildings. In 1872, the first glimpse of a modern city took shape when the colonial administration contracted a French contractor, Le Faucheur, to construct the first 300 concrete houses for sales and rentals to the
Chinese traders. A commonly known building built by the French is Phsah Thmei.
By the 1920s, Phnom Penh was known as the
Pearl of Asia, and over the next four decades Phnom Penh continued to experience rapid growth with the building of railways to
Sihanoukville and the Pochentong International Airport (now
Phnom Penh International Airport). Phnom Penh under the period of
Sihanouk’s rule seen the expansion and construction of many modern infrastructures.
During the
Vietnam War, Cambodia was used as a base by the
North Vietnamese Army and the
Viet Cong, and thousands of refugees from across the country flooded the city to escape the fighting between their own government troops, the NVA/NLF, the
South Vietnamese and its allies, and the
Khmer Rouge. By 1975, the population was 2 million, the bulk of whom were refugees from the fighting. The city fell to the Khmer Rouge on April 17, 1975. Many of its residents, including those who were wealthy and educated, were forced to do labour on rural farms as "
new people". Tuol Svay Prey High School was taken over by
Pol Pot's forces and was turned into the
S-21 prison camp, where Cambodians were detained and tortured. Pol Pot sought a return to an agrarian economy and therefore killed many people perceived as educated, "lazy", or political enemies. Many others starved to death as a result of failure of the agrarian society and the sale of Cambodia's rice to China in exchange for bullets and weaponry. The former high school is now the
Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum, where Khmer Rouge torture devices and photos of their victims are displayed. Choeung Ek (
The Killing Fields), 15 kilometres (9 mi) away, where the Khmer Rouge marched prisoners from Tuol Sleng to be murdered and buried in shallow pits, is also now a memorial to those who were killed by the regime.
The
Khmer Rouge were driven out of Phnom Penh by the
Vietnamese in 1979, and people began to return to the city. Vietnam is historically a state with which Cambodia has had many conflicts, therefore this liberation was and is viewed with mixed emotions by the Cambodians. A period of reconstruction began, spurred by the continuing stability of government, attracting new foreign investment and aid by countries including
France,
Australia, and
Japan. Loans were made from the
Asian Development Bank and the
World Bank to reinstate a clean water supply, roads and other infrastructure. The 1998 Census put Phnom Penh's population at 862,000; and the 2008 census was 1.3 million.
Geography
Phnom Penh is located in the south-central region of Cambodia, and is fully surrounded by the
Kandal Province. The municipality is situated on the banks of the
Tonlé Sap,
Mekong, and
Bassac rivers. These rivers provide potential freshwater and other natural resources to the city. Phnom Penh and the surrounding areas consists of the typical wet plain area for Cambodia. Phnom Penh rises 11.89m or (39 ft) which causes problems for the city of potential flooding by the monsoon season which sometimes over flow the banks of the river.
Climate
Phnom Penh has a
tropical wet and dry climate. The climate is hot year-round with only minor variations. City temperatures range from 18° to 38 °C (64° to 100 °F) and experiences tropical
monsoons. Southwest monsoons blow inland bringing moisture-laden winds from the
Gulf of Thailand and
Indian Ocean from May to October. The northeast monsoon ushers in the dry season, which lasts from November to March. The city experiences the heaviest precipitation from September to October with the driest period occurring from January to February.
The city has two distinct seasons. The rainy season, which runs from May to October, which temperatures can rise up to 40 °C (104 °F) around April and is generally accompanied with high humidity. The dry season lasts from November to April when temperatures can drop to 22 °C (72 °F). The best months to visit the city are November to January when temperatures and humidity are lower.
Administration
There are 8 Khans (Districts) in Phnom Penh:
7 MAKARA DISTRICT OFFICE Governor and Vice-Governors
Name | Position |
Mr. Srun Sran | Governor |
Mr. Yin Ngoun Colenin | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Som Sovann | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Try Narin | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Som Chhim | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Lim Sophea | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Tuy Chamreoun | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Hy Kimsour | Vice-Governor |
Postal Code of 7 Makara District ( 12250)
Nº | Sangkat | Postal Code |
1 | Monorom | 12251 |
2 | Mittapheap | 12252 |
3 | Veal Vong | 12253 |
4 | Orussei I | 12254 |
5 | Orussei II | 12255 |
6 | Orussei III | 12256 |
7 | Orussei IV | 12257 |
8 | Orussei V | 12258 |
|
DAUN PENH DISTRICT OFFICE Governor and Vice-Governors
Name | Position |
| Mr. Sok Sambath | Governor |
| Mr. Hem Ann | Vice-Governor |
| Mr. Ek Khundeun | Vice-Governor |
| Ms. Pich Socheata | Vice-Governor |
| Mr. Sok Penvuth | Vice-Governor |
| Mr. Ta Karuphon | Vice-Governor |
| Mr. Chim Dyna | Vice-Governor |
| Mr. Chan Bondith | Vice-Governor |
| Mr. Ton Ponlok | Vice-Governor |
Postal Code of Daun Penh District (12200)
Nº | Sangkat | Postal Code |
1 | Srah Chak | 12201 |
2 | Wat Phnom | 12202 |
3 | Phsar Chas | 12203 |
4 | Phsar Kandal I | 12204 |
5 | Phsar Kandal II | 12205 |
6 | Chey Chomneas | 12206 |
7 | Chak Tomuk | 12207 |
8 | Phsathmey I | 12208 |
9 | Phsathmey II | 12209 |
10 | Phsathmey III | 12210 |
11 | Boeng Raing | 12211 |
Address: #90 St. 90, Phnom Penh 12202 |
Tel: (855) 23 722-367 |
|
TOUL KORK DISTRICT OFFICE
Governor and Vice-Governors |
Name | Position |
Mr. Seng Ratanak | Governor |
Mr. Men Serey | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Sim Sophen | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Pich Keomony | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Noun Somnang | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Sum Rithy | Vice-Governor |
Miss Ean Thim | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Tep Sophon | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Sang Sopheak Vicheat | Vice-Governor |
|
Postal Code of Toul Kork District ( 12150) |
Nº | Sangkat | Postal Code |
1 | Boengkâk I | 12151 |
2 | Beongkâl II | 12152 |
3 | Phsadépo I | 12153 |
4 | Phsadépo II | 12154 |
5 | Phsadépo III | 12155 |
6 | Tuk Laak I | 12156 |
7 | Tuk Laak II | 12157 |
8 | Tuk Laak III | 12158 |
9 | Phsa Doeumkor | 12159 |
10 | Boeng Salang | 12160 |
|
Address: #185, V.Oknha Tep Phan, Phnom Penh 12153 |
Tel: (855) 18 810-322, 15 831-485 |
|
|
CHAMKAR MON DISTRICT OFFICE
Governor and Vice-Governors |
Name | Position |
Mr. Lo Yuy | Governor |
Mr. Kim Chhun Ou | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Nun Somoun | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Prom Somkan | Vice-Governor |
Mr. May Mon | Vice-Governo |
Ms. Kep Sombo | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Meas Sopheap | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Thy Ge | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Tith Sophan | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Tep Veasna | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Rin Soksante roth | Vice-Governor |
|
Postal Code of Chamkar Mon District ( 12300) |
Nº | Sangkat | Postal Code |
1 | Tonle Basak | 12301 |
2 | Boengkengkang I | 12302 |
3 | Boengkengkang II | 12303 |
4 | Boengkengkang III | 12304 |
5 | Boeng Trabek | 12305 |
6 | Tumnup Tuk | 12306 |
7 | Phsa Doeum Thkow | 12307 |
8 | Toul Svay Prey I | 12308 |
9 | Toul Svay Prey II | 12309 |
10 | Toul Tum Poung I | 12310 |
11 | Toul Tum Poung II | 12311 |
12 | Olumpic | 12312 |
|
Address: #169-171-173-175 Mao Tse Tung, Phnom Penh 12304 |
Tel: (855) 23 213-565 |
|
|
MEAN CHEY DISTRICT OFFICE
Governor and Vice-Governors |
Name | Position |
Mr. Kuch Chamreoun | Governor |
Mr. Um Mareth | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Em Sokleang | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Bee Sophon | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Huy Sarun | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Ney Pat | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Eang Siphan | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Prom Sophean | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Prach Seyha | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Thoung Chantha | Vice-Governor |
Mr. By Ney | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Heak Chanleang | Vice-Governor |
|
Postal Code of Mean Chey District ( 12350) |
Nº | Sangkat | Postal Code |
1 | Boeng Tumpun | 12351 |
2 | Stung Mean Chey | 12352 |
3 | Chak Angré Krom | 12353 |
4 | Chak Angré Leur | 12354 |
5 | Chba Ampeou I | 12355 |
6 | Chba Ampeou II | 12356 |
7 | Niroth | 12357 |
8 | Prek Pra | 12358 |
|
Address: #1St. 361, Phnom Penh 12355 |
Tel: (855) 18 810-438, 830-387 |
|
|
RUSSEY KEO DISTRICT OFFICE
Governor and Vice-Governors |
Name | Position |
Mr. Khlan Huort | Governor |
Mr. Cheng Hong | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Chea Kema | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Nut Puthdara | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Kao Saravuth | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Kop Sless | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Yos Yuthy | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Hai Hokchheng | Vice-Governor |
Ms. Ly Rosami | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Seng Kun | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Yi Sokleng | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Kong Salong | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Lin Jnok | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Chor Kimsor | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Sok Sen | Vice-Governor |
|
Postal Code of Russey Keo District ( 12100) |
Nº | Sangkat | Postal Code |
1 | Russey Keo | 12104 |
2 | Toul Sang kè | 12105 |
3 | Kilometre6 | 12106 |
4 | Chrang Chamres I | 12107 |
5 | Chrang Chamres II | 12108 |
6 | Svaypak | 12109 |
7 | Chroy Changva | 12110 |
8 | Prek Tasek | 12111 |
9 | Prek Leap | 12112 |
|
Address: National Road5, Phnom Penh 12106 |
Tel: (855) 18 810-437 |
|
|
DANGKOR DISTRICT OFFICE
Governor and Vice-Governors |
Name | Position |
Mr. Kroch Phan | Governor |
Mr. Pel Kosal | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Keo Sophea | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Kit Sopha | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Phok Seiha | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Sim Solon | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Theng Sothol | Vice-Governor |
Mr. So Samedy | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Hem Darith | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Yim Sary | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Som Hong | Vice-Governor |
Ms. Chea Nyda | Vice-Governor |
Mr. Im Thavy | Vice-Governor |
|
Postal Code of Russey Keo District ( 12400) |
Nº | Sangkat | Postal Code |
1 | Dangkor | 12401 |
2 | Trapeang Krassaing | 12402 |
3 | Korkroka | 12403 |
4 | Phleung Chhésrotés | 12404 |
5 | Chom Chao | 12405 |
6 | Kakap | 12406 |
7 | Porng Tuk | 12407 |
8 | Prey Veng | 12408 |
9 | Samrong | 12409 |
10 | Prey sar | 12410 |
11 | Kraing Thnoung | 12411 |
12 | Kraing Pongro | 12412 |
13 | Prataslang | 12413 |
14 | Sac Sampeou | 12414 |
15 | Cheung Ek | 12415 |
|
Address: Russian Federation Blvd, Phnom Penh 12406 |
Tel: (855) 18 810-325, 15 912-654 |
|
|
SEN SOK DISTRICT OFFICE
Governor and Vice-Governors |
Name | Position |
Mr. Koun Sreng | Governor |
|
Postal Code of Sen Sok District |
| N | Name | Code |
| 1 | Phnom Penh Thmey | 12101 |
| 2 | Tuk Thlar | 12102 |
| 3 | Khnounh | 12103 |
|
|
|
Demographics
Buddhist Institute in Phnom Penh
As of 2008, Phnom Penh had a population of 2,009,264 people, with a total population density of 5,358 inhabitants per square kilometre (13,877/sq mi) in a 375 km2 (145 sq mi) city area. The population growth in the city is 3.92%.
Phnom Penh is mostly inhabited by Cambodians (or Khmers) - they represent 90% of the population of the city. There are large minorities of Chinese, Vietnamese, and other small ethnic groups who are Thai, Budong, Mnong Preh, Kuy, Chong, and Chams. The state religion is
Theravada Buddhism, more than 90% of the people in Phnom Penh are Buddhists with the Chams practicing
Islam over the years since 1993, there has also been an increase in the practice of
Christianity which was practically wiped out after 1975 when the Khmer Rouge took over. English and French are widely used in the city, but the official language is Khmer.
Economy
Completed in 2009, OCIC Tower is the headquarters for
Canadia Bank.
Phnom Penh's is Cambodia's economic center as it accounts for a large portion of the Cambodian economy. Double-digit economic growth rates in recent years have triggered an economic boom in Phnom Penh, with new hotels, restaurants, bars, high rises, and residential buildings springing up around the city.
The main economy is based on commercial interests such as garments, trading, and small and medium enterprises. In the past few years the property business has been booming as real estate is now getting very expensive in the city.
Tourism is also a major contributor in the capital as more shopping and commercial centers open, making Phnom Penh one of the major tourist destinations in the country along with
Siem Reap and
Sihanoukville.
The
US$2.6 billion new urban development, Camko City, is meant to bolster the city landscape. The Bureau of Urban Affairs of Phnom Penh Municipality has plans to expand and construct new infrastructure to accommodate the growing population and economy. High rise buildings will be constructed at the entrance of the city and near the lakes and riverbanks. Furthermore, new roads, canals, and a railway system will be used to connect Camko City and Phnom Penh.
[11]Other projects include:
The Central market Phsar Thmei is a major tourist hot spot. The four wings of the yellow colored market are teeming with numerous stalls selling gold and silver jewellery, antique coins, clothing, clocks, flowers, food, fabrics and shoes. Phsar Thmei is also going under a major renovation project, with fresh paint on the exterior and interior, and the creation of newer stalls.
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11°33′00″N 104°55′00″E / 11.55°N 104.91667°E / 11.55; 104.91667 (11°33' North, 104°55' East), covers an area of 375 square kilometres (145 sq mi), with some 11,401 hectares (28,172 acres) in the municipality and 26,106 hectares (64,509 acres) of roads. The agricultural land in the municipality amounts to 34.685 square kilometres (13 sq mi) with some 1.476 square kilometres (365 acres) under irrigation.
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